Rocket Companies Announces Second Quarter 2024 Results

August 1, 2024
  • Generated Q2'24 total revenue, net of $1.3 billion and adjusted revenue of $1.2 billion. Adjusted revenue exceeded the high end of guidance range and increased year-over-year for the fourth straight quarter
  • Reported Q2'24 GAAP net income of $178 million, or $0.01 per GAAP diluted earnings per share and adjusted net income of $121 million, or $0.06 per adjusted diluted earnings per share
  • Delivered Q2'24 adjusted EBITDA of $225 million, increasing year-over-year for the fifth straight quarter

DETROIT, Aug. 1, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Rocket Companies, Inc. (NYSE: RKT) ("Rocket Companies" or the "Company"), the Detroit-based fintech platform company including mortgage, real estate and personal finance businesses, today announced results for the second quarter ended June 30, 2024.

"Our team achieved impressive results in Q2. We, again, grew our purchase market share year-over-year by making continuous improvements across our processes, teams, marketing, and technology. We also delivered year-over-year top-line growth for the fourth straight quarter and expanded profitability for the fifth quarter in a row," said Varun Krishna, CEO and Director of Rocket Companies. "We consider ourselves the most optimistic company in America. Every day, Rocket makes 30-year bets on people who make 30-year bets on themselves. With our AI-fueled homeownership strategy, and by helping our clients overcome obstacles to achieve their dreams, we are making the homeownership experience easier and more accessible for all."

Second Quarter 2024 Financial Summary 1


ROCKET COMPANIES
($ in millions, except per share amounts)



Q2-24


Q2-23


YTD 24


YTD 23


(Unaudited)


(Unaudited)

Total revenue, net

$                1,301


$                1,236


$                2,684


$                1,902

Total expenses

$                1,109


$                1,098


$                2,194


$                2,180

GAAP Net income (loss)

$                   178


$                   139


$                   469


$                  (272)









Adjusted revenue

$                1,228


$                1,002


$                2,391


$                1,884

Adjusted net income (loss)

$                   121


$                    (33)


$                   205


$                  (144)

Adjusted EBITDA

$                   225


$                     18


$                   399


$                    (61)









GAAP diluted earnings (loss) per share

$                   0.01


$                   0.05


$                   0.13


$                 (0.11)

Adjusted diluted earnings (loss) per share

$                   0.06


$                 (0.02)


$                   0.10


$                 (0.07)

 

($ in millions)




Q2-24


Q2-23


YTD 24


YTD 23

Select Metrics


(Unaudited)


(Unaudited)

Closed loan origination volume


$          24,662


$          22,330


$          44,867


$          39,260

Gain on sale margin


2.99 %


2.67 %


3.05 %


2.54 %

Net rate lock volume


$          25,050


$          22,244


$          47,412


$          41,779



1

"GAAP" stands for Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the U.S. Please see the sections of this document titled "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" and
"GAAP to non-GAAP Reconciliations" for more information on the Company's non-GAAP measures and its share count. Certain figures throughout this
document may not foot due to rounding.

Second Quarter 2024 Financial Highlights

  • Generated total revenue, net of $1.3 billion and GAAP net income of $178 million, or $0.01 per diluted share. Generated total adjusted revenue of $1.2 billion and adjusted net income of $121 million, or adjusted earnings of $0.06 per diluted share.
  • Rocket Mortgage generated $24.7 billion in closed loan origination volume, a 10.4% increase over the same period of the prior year.
  • Gain on sale margin was 2.99%, an increase of 32 bps over the same period of the prior year.
  • Total liquidity was $8.6 billion, as of June 30, 2024, which includes $1.3 billion of cash on the balance sheet, and $1.9 billion of corporate cash used to self-fund loan originations, $3.4 billion of undrawn lines of credit, and $2.0 billion of undrawn MSR lines of credit.
  • Servicing portfolio unpaid principal balance, which includes subserviced loans, was $534.6 billion or 2.6 million loans serviced as of June 30, 2024. The portfolio generates approximately $1.4 billion of recurring servicing fee income on an annualized basis. We acquired mortgage servicing right ("MSR") portfolios in the quarter, for total consideration of $315 million. The MSR acquisitions added $20.8 billion of unpaid principal balance of loans with a blended weighted average coupon higher than our current portfolio, providing a compelling refinance opportunity when rates decline.

Second Quarter 2024 Company Highlights

  • We expanded purchase share year-over-year through numerous optimizations in our processes, teams, marketing, and technology capabilities.
  • Rocket Mortgage was named #1 in the nation in J.D. Power's 2024 study for client satisfaction in mortgage servicing, the 10th year Rocket Mortgage has earned the accolade. J.D. Power surveyed more than 11,000 American homeowners to determine the rankings. J.D. Power has ranked Rocket Mortgage #1 in client satisfaction for primary mortgage origination and mortgage servicing a total of 22 times – the most of any mortgage lender.
  • Our home equity loan product continues to resonate strongly with clients, offering a compelling solution to tap into home equity without impacting the lower rate on a client's first lien mortgage. In Q2 2024, home equity loan volume more than doubled compared to the same period last year, setting a new record. During the quarter, we enhanced the speed and efficiency of our home equity loan process through the launch of an Automated Valuation Model (AVM). AVM represents a major upgrade, providing a cost-efficient digital alternative to traditional in-person appraisals. This innovation allows us to deliver cash from home equity loans in as little as 7 business days, meeting our clients' needs with unprecedented speed and accuracy.
  • We expanded our AI-powered live chat, the preferred asynchronous mode of communication for both new and older generations, across the client journey. With chat, we quickly and accurately gauge client intent upfront, and provide personalized solutions at scale. This has resulted in higher satisfaction for both clients and team members, as well as significantly higher conversion rates. Recent data shows that clients using chat have conversion rates three times higher compared to those who didn't leverage chat.
  • We expanded the roll out of Rocket Logic Assistant, our AI-powered personal assistant, to our entire banking team. Rocket Logic Assistant transcribes client calls and automatically completes mortgage applications in real-time, super-charging our bankers' productivity and reducing fatigue. Rocket Logic Assistant seamlessly generates more than 300,000 detailed transcripts weekly from outbound calls.
  • In June, we launched MSR audit automation, an upgraded workflow system that streamlines the loan onboarding process and drives efficiency at scale. With this new system, our capital markets team can now complete MSR audits in half the time. This enhancement allows us to onboard MSR portfolios more quickly, efficiently, and accurately, which is essential as we expand our portfolio.
  • In May, Rocket Companies appointed Shawn Malhotra as its first Chief Technology Officer. In this role, Malhotra will oversee the development and implementation of technology across the entire Rocket Companies ecosystem, including AI development, Data Science, Product Engineering, Technology Operations and Information Security – among other areas. Previously, Malhotra held a variety of technology leadership roles at Thomson Reuters.
  • We will hold our first Investor Day on September 10, 2024, in downtown Detroit. The event will feature presentations and engagement opportunities with Rocket Companies' leadership, immersive demo experiences, and a tour of downtown Detroit and our Company. The event will be held in person, and a webcast will be available on our Investor Relations website.

Rocket Corporate Responsibility: For-More-Than-Profit

  • In June, we published our 2023 ESG report, which highlights Rocket's commitment to being a For-More-Than-Profit organization and our commitment to our clients, communities and team members. The report can be found on the Social Impact tab of our Investor Relations website.
  • Rocket Mortgage held its sixth annual Rocket Mortgage Classic event from June 25 to June 30, 2024 at the Detroit Golf Club. Since 2019, the Rocket Mortgage Classic has raised over $8.4 million for local charitable organizations, including $4.3 million for the "Changing the Course" initiative to connect Detroit residents to high-speed internet, digital devices and digital literacy training.
  • Rocket Community Fund, a partner company, announced a $320,000 investment in Black Tech Saturdays, an organization that aims to promote diversity and inclusion in the tech industry through workshops, training programs and community outreach in Detroit. In June, Rocket Community Fund collaborated with Microsoft, Black Tech Saturdays and Sistah's Reachin' Out to host AI Explained, an event focused on raising awareness of generative AI and its benefits for nonprofits and small business owners.
  • Rocket Community Fund, National Black Empowerment Council (NBEC), and Goodwill of North Georgia today announced the launch of the Homeownership Wealth Initiative, a pilot program offering comprehensive financial education and homeownership guidance for Atlanta residents.

Third Quarter 2024 Outlook2

In Q3 2024, we expect adjusted revenue between $1.15 billion to $1.3 billion.

2 Please see the section of this document titled "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for more information.

Direct to Consumer

In the Direct to Consumer segment, clients have the ability to interact with the Rocket Mortgage app and/or with the Company's mortgage bankers. The Company markets to potential clients in this segment through various brand campaigns and performance marketing channels. The Direct to Consumer segment derives revenue from originating, closing, selling and servicing predominantly agency-conforming loans, which are pooled and sold to the secondary market. The segment also includes title insurance, appraisals and settlement services complementing the Company's end-to-end mortgage origination experience. Servicing activities are fully allocated to the Direct to Consumer segment and are viewed as an extension of the client experience. Servicing enables Rocket Mortgage to establish and maintain long term relationships with our clients, through multiple touchpoints at regular engagement intervals.

DIRECT TO CONSUMER3
($ in millions)



Q2-24


Q2-23


YTD 24


YTD 23


(Unaudited)


(Unaudited)

Sold loan volume

$                     13,032


$                       12,446


$                        22,081


$                        21,257

Sold loan gain on sale margin

4.14 %


3.67 %


4.19 %


3.69 %

Total revenue, net

$                          981


$                         1,023


$                          2,075


$                          1,521

Adjusted revenue

$                          909


$                            789


$                          1,782


$                          1,502

Contribution margin

$                          375


$                            259


$                             718


$                             468

Partner Network

The Rocket Professional platform supports our Partner Network segment, where we leverage our superior client service and widely recognized brand to grow marketing and influencer relationships, and our mortgage broker partnerships through Rocket Pro TPO ("third party origination"). Our marketing partnerships consist of well-known consumer-focused companies that find value in our award-winning client experience and want to offer their clients mortgage solutions with our trusted, widely recognized brand. These organizations connect their clients directly to us through marketing channels and a referral process. Our influencer partnerships are typically with companies that employ licensed mortgage professionals that find value in our client experience, technology and efficient mortgage process, where mortgages may not be their primary offering. We also enable clients to start the mortgage process through the Rocket platform in the way that works best for them, including through a local mortgage broker.

PARTNER NETWORK3
($ in millions)



Q2-24


Q2-23


YTD 24


YTD 23


(Unaudited)


(Unaudited)

Sold loan volume

$                       11,296


$                         9,571


$                         19,064


$                         16,155

Sold loan gain on sale margin

1.59 %


0.93 %


1.57 %


0.89 %

Total revenue, net

$                            188


$                            122


$                              358


$                              211

Adjusted revenue

$                            188


$                            122


$                              358


$                              211

Contribution margin

$                            126


$                              56


$                              241


$                                79



3

We measure the performance of the Direct to Consumer and Partner Network segments primarily on a contribution margin basis. Contribution margin is intended to measure the direct profitability of each segment and is calculated as Adjusted revenue less directly attributable expenses. Directly attributable expenses include salaries, commissions and team member benefits, general and administrative expenses, and other expenses, such as direct servicing costs and origination costs. A loan is considered "sold" when it is sold to investors on the secondary market. See "Summary Segment Results" section later in this document and the footnote on "Segments" in the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" in the Company's forthcoming filing on Form 10-Q for more information.

Balance Sheet and Liquidity

Total available cash was $3.2 billion as of June 30, 2024, which includes $1.3 billion of cash and cash equivalents, and $1.9 billion of corporate cash used to self-fund loan originations. Additionally, we have access to $3.4 billion of undrawn lines of credit, and $2.0 billion of undrawn MSR lines of credit from financing facilities, for a total liquidity position of $8.6 billion as of June 30, 2024.

BALANCE SHEET HIGHLIGHTS
($ in millions)



June 30, 2024


December 31, 2023


(Unaudited)



Cash and cash equivalents

$                          1,309


$                        1,108

Mortgage servicing rights, at fair value

$                          7,163


$                        6,440

Funding facilities

$                          7,022


$                        3,367

Other financing facilities and debt

$                          4,171


$                        4,237

Total equity

$                          8,814


$                        8,302

Second Quarter Earnings Call

Rocket Companies will host a live conference call at 4:30 p.m. ET on August 1, 2024 to discuss its results for the quarter ended June 30, 2024. A live webcast of the event will be available online by clicking on the "Investor Info" section of our website. The webcast will also be available via rocketcompanies.com.

A replay of the webcast will be available on the Investor Relations site following the conclusion of the event.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss)
($ In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)



Three Months Ended June 30,


Six Months Ended June 30,


2024


2023


2024


2023


(Unaudited)


(Unaudited)

Revenue








Gain on sale of loans








Gain on sale of loans excluding fair value of
originated MSRs, net

$                      413,011


$                      279,629


$                889,440


$               544,632

Fair value of originated MSRs

345,545


314,840


568,342


519,400

Gain on sale of loans, net

758,556


594,469


1,457,782


1,064,032

Loan servicing income








Servicing fee income

354,677


343,591


700,423


709,976

Change in fair value of MSRs

(112,941)


42,377


(56,433)


(355,902)

Loan servicing income, net

241,736


385,968


643,990


354,074

Interest income








Interest income

112,415


80,757


201,395


147,501

Interest expense on funding facilities

(81,293)


(59,512)


(132,736)


(94,624)

Interest income, net

31,122


21,245


68,659


52,877

Other income

269,308


234,545


514,007


431,312

Total revenue, net

1,300,722


1,236,227


2,684,438


1,902,295

Expenses








Salaries, commissions and team member
benefits

553,420


579,139


1,094,516


1,182,914

General and administrative expenses

232,952


200,425


469,617


395,815

Marketing and advertising expenses

210,937


218,843


417,233


400,447

Depreciation and amortization

28,009


25,357


55,026


56,042

Interest and amortization expense on non-
funding debt

38,364


38,334


76,729


76,667

Other expenses

44,998


35,759


80,905


68,027

Total expenses

1,108,680


1,097,857


2,194,026


2,179,912

Income (loss) before income taxes

192,042


138,370


490,412


(277,617)

(Provision for) benefit from income taxes

(14,117)


782


(21,773)


5,286

Net income (loss)

177,925


139,152


468,639


(272,331)

Net (income) loss attributable to non-
controlling interest

(176,630)


(131,714)


(451,129)


261,246

Net income (loss) attributable to Rocket
Companies

$                          1,295


$                           7,438


$                  17,510


$                (11,085)









Earnings (loss) per share of Class A
common stock








Basic

$                            0.01


$                             0.06


$                       0.13


$                    (0.09)

Diluted

$                            0.01


$                             0.05


$                       0.13


$                    (0.11)









Weighted average shares outstanding








Basic

139,647,845


126,740,748


138,319,794


125,742,282

Diluted

139,647,845


1,979,450,651


138,319,794


1,977,148,197

 

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
($ In Thousands)



June 30,
2024


December 31,
2023

Assets

(Unaudited)



Cash and cash equivalents

$                   1,309,494


$                    1,108,466

Restricted cash

27,764


28,366

Mortgage loans held for sale, at fair value

9,486,922


6,542,232

Interest rate lock commitments ("IRLCs"), at fair value

170,381


132,870

Mortgage servicing rights ("MSRs"), at fair value

7,162,690


6,439,787

Notes receivable and due from affiliates

14,325


19,530

Property and equipment, net

233,257


250,856

Deferred tax asset, net

528,104


550,149

Lease right of use assets

314,683


347,696

Forward commitments, at fair value

13,025


26,614

Loans subject to repurchase right from Ginnie Mae

1,945,022


1,533,387

Goodwill and intangible assets, net

1,239,819


1,236,765

Other assets

1,203,228


1,015,022

Total assets

$                 23,648,714


$                  19,231,740

Liabilities and equity




Liabilities:




Funding facilities

$                   7,022,439


$                    3,367,383

Other financing facilities and debt:




Senior Notes, net

4,036,187


4,033,448

Early buy out facility

134,615


203,208

Accounts payable

205,949


171,350

Lease liabilities

356,050


393,882

Forward commitments, at fair value

8,508


142,988

Investor reserves

94,362


92,389

Notes payable and due to affiliates

31,743


31,006

Tax receivable agreement liability

584,695


584,695

Loans subject to repurchase right from Ginnie Mae

1,945,022


1,533,387

Other liabilities

415,223


376,294

Total liabilities

$                 14,834,793


$                  10,930,030

Equity




Class A common stock

$                                  1


$                                   1

Class B common stock


Class C common stock


Class D common stock

19


19

Additional paid-in capital

357,610


340,532

Retained earnings

300,958


284,296

Accumulated other comprehensive income

85


52

Non-controlling interest

8,155,248


7,676,810

Total equity

8,813,921


8,301,710

Total liabilities and equity

$                 23,648,714


$                  19,231,740

 

 

 

Summary Segment Results for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023
($ in millions)
(Unaudited)


Three Months Ended June 30, 2024

Direct to

 Consumer


Partner

 Network


Segments Total


All Other


Total

Total U.S. GAAP Revenue, net

$                    981


$                    188


$                 1,169


$                 132


$                 1,301

Change in fair value of MSRs due to valuation
     assumptions, net of hedges

(73)



(73)



(73)

Adjusted revenue

$                    909


$                    188


$                 1,097


$                 132


$                 1,228

Less: Directly attributable expenses

534


62


596


89


684

Contribution margin (1)

$                    375


$                    126


$                    501


$                    43


$                    544


Three Months Ended June 30, 2023

Direct to
Consumer


Partner Network


Segments Total


All Other


Total

Total U.S. GAAP Revenue, net

$                 1,023


$                     122


$                 1,146


$                    90


$                 1,236

Change in fair value of MSRs due to valuation
     assumptions, net of hedges

(235)



(235)



(235)

Adjusted revenue

$                     789


$                     122


$                     911


$                    90


$                 1,002

Less: Directly attributable expenses

529


66


596


70


665

Contribution margin (1)

$                     259


$                       56


$                     316


$                    21


$                    336


Six Months Ended June 30, 2024

Direct to
Consumer


Partner Network


Segments Total


All Other


Total

Total U.S. GAAP Revenue, net

$                 2,075


$                    358


$                 2,433


$                    251


$                 2,684

Change in fair value of MSRs due to valuation
      assumptions, net of hedges

(293)



(293)



(293)

Adjusted Revenue

$                 1,782


$                    358


$                 2,140


$                    251


$                 2,391

Less: Directly attributable expenses

1,064


117


1,181


178


1,359

Contribution margin (1)

$                    718


$                    241


$                    959


$                      73


$                 1,032


Six Months Ended June 30, 2023

Direct to
Consumer


Partner Network


Segments Total


All Other


Total

Total U.S. GAAP Revenue, net

$                 1,521


$                    211


$                 1,732


$                    170


$                 1,902

Change in fair value of MSRs due to valuation
     assumptions, net of hedges

(18)



(18)



(18)

Adjusted Revenue

$                 1,502


$                    211


$                 1,713


$                    170


$                 1,884

Less: Directly attributable expenses

1,035


132


1,167


146


1,313

Contribution margin (1)

$                    468


$                      79


$                    547


$                      24


$                    571



(1)

We measure the performance of the segments primarily on a contribution margin basis. Contribution margin is intended to measure the direct profitability of each segment and is calculated as Adjusted revenue less directly attributable expenses. Adjusted revenue is a non-GAAP financial measure described below. Directly attributable expenses include salaries, commissions and team member benefits, general and administrative expenses, marketing and advertising expenses and other expenses, such as direct servicing costs and origination costs.

 

GAAP to Non-GAAP Reconciliations


Adjusted Revenue Reconciliation 
($ in millions)



Three Months Ended June 30,


Six Months Ended June 30,


2024


2023


2024


2023


(Unaudited)


(Unaudited)

Total revenue, net

$               1,301


$                1,236


$               2,684


$                1,902

Change in fair value of MSRs due to valuation assumptions, net
of hedges (1)

(73)


(235)


(293)


(18)

Adjusted revenue

$               1,228


$                1,002


$               2,391


$                1,884



(1)

Reflects changes in market interest rates and assumptions, including discount rates and prepayment speeds, and the effects of contractual prepayment protection associated with sales or purchases of MSRs.

 

Adjusted Net Income (Loss) Reconciliation
($ in millions)



Three Months Ended June 30,

Six Months Ended June 30,


2024


2023


2024


2023


(Unaudited)

(Unaudited)

Net income (loss) attributable to Rocket Companies

$                        1


$                        7


$                     18


$                    (11)

Net income (loss) impact from pro forma conversion of
Class D common shares to Class A common shares (1)

177


132


452


(260)

Adjustment to the (provision for) benefit from income tax
(2)

(33)


(35)


(98)


62

Tax-effected net income (loss) (2)

145


105


371


(209)

Share-based compensation expense

39


51


70


103

Change in fair value of MSRs due to
valuation assumptions, net of hedges (3)

(73)


(235)


(293)


(18)

Tax impact of adjustments (4)

8


45


54


(20)

Other tax adjustments (5)

1


1


2


2

Adjusted net income (loss)

$                   121


$                    (33)


$                   205


$                 (144)



(1)

Reflects net income (loss) to Class A common stock from pro forma exchange and conversion of corresponding shares of our Class D common shares held by non-controlling interest holders as of June 30, 2024 and 2023.



(2)

Rocket Companies is subject to U.S. Federal income taxes, in addition to state, local and Canadian taxes with respect to its allocable share of any net taxable income (loss) of Holdings. The adjustment to the (provision for) benefit from income tax reflects the difference between (a) the income tax computed using the effective tax rates below applied to the income (loss) before income taxes assuming Rocket Companies, Inc. owns 100% of the non-voting common interest units of Holdings and (b) the provision for (benefit from) income taxes. The effective income tax rate was 24.40% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 24.29% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively.



(3)

Reflects changes in market interest rates and assumptions, including discount rates and prepayment speeds, and the effects of contractual prepayment protection associated with sales or purchases of MSRs.



(4)

Tax impact of adjustments gives effect to the income tax related to share-based compensation expense, and the change in fair value of MSRs due to valuation assumptions, at the effective tax rates for each quarter.



(5)

Represents tax benefits due to the amortization of intangible assets and other tax attributes resulting from the purchase of Holdings units, net of payment obligations under Tax Receivable Agreement.

 

Adjusted Diluted Weighted Average Shares Outstanding Reconciliation 
($ in millions, except per share amounts)



Three Months Ended June 30,


Six Months Ended June 30,


2024


2023


2024


2023


(Unaudited)


(Unaudited)

Diluted weighted average Class A Common shares
outstanding

139,647,845


1,979,450,651


138,319,794


1,977,148,197

Assumed pro forma conversion of Class D shares (1)

1,848,879,483



1,848,879,483


Adjusted diluted weighted average shares
outstanding

1,988,527,328


1,979,450,651


1,987,199,277


1,977,148,197









Adjusted net income (loss)

$                  121


$                    (33)


$                   205


$                 (144)

Adjusted diluted earnings (loss) per share

$                 0.06


$                 (0.02)


$                  0.10


$                (0.07)



(1)

Reflects the pro forma exchange and conversion of anti-dilutive Class D common stock to Class A common stock for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, Class D common shares were dilutive and are included in the Diluted weighted average Class A common shares outstanding in the table above.

 

Adjusted EBITDA Reconciliation
($ in millions)



Three Months Ended June 30,


Six Months Ended June 30,


2024


2023


2024


2023


(Unaudited)


(Unaudited)

Net  income (loss)

$                   178


$                   139


$                   469


$                 (272)

Interest and amortization expense on non-funding debt

38


38


77


77

Provision for (benefit from) income taxes

14


(1)


22


(5)

Depreciation and amortization

28


25


55


56

Share-based compensation expense

39


51


70


103

Change in fair value of MSRs due to valuation
assumptions, net of hedges (1)

(73)


(235)


(293)


(18)

Adjusted EBITDA

$                   225


$                     18


$                   399


$                    (61)



(1)

Reflects changes in market interest rates and assumptions, including discount rates and prepayment speeds, and the effects of contractual prepayment protection associated with sales or purchases of MSRs.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures 

To provide investors with information in addition to our results as determined by GAAP, we disclose Adjusted revenue, Adjusted net income (loss), Adjusted diluted earnings (loss) per share and Adjusted EBITDA (collectively "our non-GAAP financial measures") as non-GAAP measures. We believe that the presentation of our non-GAAP financial measures provides useful information to investors regarding our results of operations because each measure assists both investors and management in analyzing and benchmarking the performance and value of our business. Our non-GAAP financial measures are not calculated in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered as a substitute for revenue, net income (loss), or any other operating performance measure calculated in accordance with GAAP. Other companies may define non-GAAP financial measures differently, and as a result, our measures of our non-GAAP financial measures may not be directly comparable to those of other companies. Our non-GAAP financial measures provide indicators of performance that are not affected by fluctuations in certain costs or other items. Accordingly, management believes that these measurements are useful for comparing general operating performance from period to period, and management relies on these measures for planning and forecasting of future periods. Additionally, these measures allow management to compare our results with those of other companies that have different financing and capital structures.

We define "Adjusted revenue" as total revenues net of the change in fair value of mortgage servicing rights ("MSRs") due to valuation assumptions, net of hedges. We define "Adjusted net income (loss)" as tax-effected net income (loss) before share-based compensation expense, the change in fair value of MSRs due to valuation assumptions, net of hedges and the tax effects of those adjustments as applicable. We define "Adjusted diluted earnings (loss) per share" as Adjusted net income (loss) divided by the adjusted diluted weighted average shares outstanding which includes diluted weighted average Class A common stock and the assumed pro forma exchange and conversion of Class D common stock outstanding for the applicable period presented. We define "Adjusted EBITDA" as net income (loss) before interest and amortization expense on non-funding debt, income tax, depreciation and amortization, share-based compensation expense, and change in fair value of MSRs due to valuation assumptions, net of hedges.

We exclude from each of our non-GAAP financial measures the change in fair value of MSRs due to valuation assumptions, net of hedges, as this represents a non-cash non-realized adjustment to our total revenues, reflecting changes in assumptions including discount rates and prepayment speed assumptions, mostly due to changes in market interest rates, which is not indicative of our performance or results of operation. We also exclude effects of contractual prepayment protection associated with sales of MSRs. Adjusted EBITDA includes Interest expense on funding facilities, which are recorded as a component of Interest income, net, as these expenses are a direct cost driven by loan origination volume. By contrast, interest and amortization expense on non-funding debt is a function of our capital structure and is therefore excluded from Adjusted EBITDA.

Our definitions of each of our non-GAAP financial measures allow us to add back certain cash and non-cash charges, and deduct certain gains that are included in calculating Total revenue, net, Net income (loss)  attributable to Rocket Companies or Net income (loss). However, these expenses and gains vary greatly, and are difficult to predict. From time to time in the future, we may include or exclude other items if we believe that doing so is consistent with the goal of providing useful information to investors.

Although we use our non-GAAP financial measures to assess the performance of our business, such use is limited because they do not include certain material costs necessary to operate our business. Our non-GAAP financial measures can represent the effect of long-term strategies as opposed to short-term results. Our presentation of our non-GAAP financial measures should not be construed as an indication that our future results will be unaffected by unusual or nonrecurring items. Our non-GAAP financial measures have limitations as analytical tools, and you should not consider them in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under U.S. GAAP. Because of these limitations, our non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered as measures of discretionary cash available to us to invest in the growth of our business or as measures of cash that will be available to us to meet our obligations.

For financial outlook information, the Company is not providing a quantitative reconciliation of adjusted revenue to the most directly comparable GAAP measure because the GAAP measure cannot be reliably estimated and the reconciliation cannot be performed without unreasonable effort due to their dependence on future uncertainties and adjusting items that the Company cannot reasonably predict at this time but which may be material.

Forward Looking Statements

Some of the statements contained in this document are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These forward-looking statements are generally identified by the use of words such as "anticipate," "believe," "could," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "may," "plan," "potential," "predict," "project," "should," "target," "will," "would" and, in each case, their negative or other various or comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements reflect our views with respect to future events as of the date of this document and are based on our management's current expectations, estimates, forecasts, projections, assumptions, beliefs and information. Although management believes that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, it can give no assurance that these expectations will prove to have been correct. All such forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which are outside of our control, and could cause future events or results to be materially different from those stated or implied in this document. It is not possible to predict or identify all such risks. These risks include, but are not limited to, the risk factors that are described under the section titled "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). These factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read in conjunction with the other cautionary statements that are included in this document and in our SEC filings. We expressly disclaim any obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as required by applicable law.

About Rocket Companies

Founded in 1985, Rocket Companies (NYSE: RKT) is a Detroit-based fintech platform company consisting of personal finance and consumer technology brands including Rocket Mortgage, Rocket Homes, Amrock Title and Settlement Services, Rocket Money and Rocket Loans.

With more than 65 million call logs each year, 10 petabytes of data and a mission to Help Everyone Home, Rocket Companies is well positioned to be the destination for AI-fueled homeownership. Known for providing exceptional client experiences, J.D. Power has ranked Rocket Mortgage #1 in client satisfaction for primary mortgage origination and mortgage servicing a total of 22 times – the most of any mortgage lender.

For more information, please visit our Corporate Website or Investor Relations Website.

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SOURCE Rocket Companies, Inc.